{ALF} Dehydrating agent, e.g. for conversion of ureas to carbodiimides: Org. Synth. Coll., 5, 555 (1973); Synthesis, 520 (1987).

{ALF} For a detailed study of the optimum conditions for the tosylation of primary and secondary alcohols in pyridine, see: J. Org. Chem., 51, 2386 (1986). For use of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, A14003, as an alternative to pyridine in the tosylation of alcohols, see: Synthesis, 1433 (1997). In the presence of a carboxylic acid, the ester is formed in high yield: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77, 6214 (1955); 79, 2146 (1957). Esterification of an unprotected amino acid can be effected by heating the tosylate salt with tosyl chloride in an alcohol solvent: J. Org. Chem., 48, 121 (1983).

{ALD} Merck: 14,9534

Beilstein:11,103

{uni_hamburg} Short: III/31b

{uni_hamburg} Short: III/20b

{ALF} In the presence of strong bases, 1,2-diols can be converted to epoxides: Synthesis, 706 (1977); 983 (1985); Synth. Commun., 23, 285 (1993), and 1,3-diols to oxetanes: Synthesis, 550 (1981).

{ALD} Merck: 14,9534

{ALF} N-Tosylation has been used to block the imidazole nucleus in histidine: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 42, 1466 (1969); 47, 3146 (1974), and arginine residues: Experientia, 24, 661 (1968), during peptide synthesis. Cleavage can be effected with HF. See Appendix 6.

{uni_hamburg} Short: II/2