简介
氢化锂, 氢化铝锂,硼氢化钠,三乙基硼氢化锂(Super Hydride)/钠/钾 ,三仲丁基硼氢化锂( L-Selectride)/钠/钾(K-Selectride),Lithium Trisiamylborohydride (LiBSia3H) 60217-34-7, 三叔丁氧基氢化铝锂,77299-63-9 Lithium diisobutyl-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride solution,Diisobutylaluminum hydride, DIBAL,硼烷四氢呋喃,氨基硼烷等, 金属氢化物,作为还原剂和负氢离子的来源,广泛用于无机和有机合成中,以及作为储氢材料应用到日常生产生活中。金属氢化物还原剂,可以还原取代卤代物到烷烃,醛酮环氧亚胺等到醇或胺,羧酸衍生物如酯,腈及其他衍生物到特别是某些烃基取代的金属化合物,具有反应条件温和,副反应少以及产率高的优点,体现出较好的化学选择性和立体 选择性。在复杂的天然产物,药物分子的合成中,较之其他还原法显示出更多的优点。
应用举例
1. 还原卤代物等到相应的烷烃(反应式A,B),并且氘代实验表明,该还原反应经过明确的SN2取代机理(反应式B)。另外,OTs,OMs等取代基也能被还原。
2. 还原环氧到醇,在如下例中,三乙基硼氢化锂比的四氢铝锂的选择性要高很多。
3. 选择性还原醛酮到相应的醇。在α-环己酮的还原中,以很高的选择性的得到顺势的产品(反应式D);并且在醛和酮同时存在的情况下,可以优先还原醛到相应的一级醇(反应式E)。其中,Lithium trisiamylborohydride (LiBSia3H)表现出更好的选择性,以其他取代的环己酮为例,各氢化物还原总结如表一。
4. 选择性的还原羧酸及其衍生物。可以在有其他可被还原的基团存在下,选择性的还原酯基。
5.其他用途。氢化物也可以转移负氢离子到其他的过度金属有机化合物上,形成新的M-H化合物,选择性的脱除甲基。
参考文献
l Lithium Triethyllborohydride,Marek Zaidlewicz,Herbert C. Brown, Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis,2001
l Krishnamutthy, S. Schubert R.M Brown, H, C, J., Am Chem. Soc 1973, 95, 8486
l JACS, 1973
Chemical Name | Tetrabutylammonium tetrahydroborate |
MDL Number | MFCD00012035 |
PubChem Substance ID | 87576737 |
Beilstein Registry Number | 4212332 |
EC Number | 251-658-2 |
CAS Number | 33725-74-5 |
Synonym |
1-Butanaminium, N,N,N-tributyl-, tetrahydroborate
Tetrabutylammoniumborohydride,97%
四丁基硼氢化铵
N,N,N-三丁基四氢硼酸-1-丁胺
四正丁基硼氢化铵;
Tetra-n-butylammonium tetrahydridoborate
TETRABUTYLAMMONIUM TETRAHYDROBORATE
1-Butanaminium,N,N,N-tributyl-,tetrahydroborate(1-)
Tetra-n-butylammonium borohydride 98%
TETRABUTYLAMMONIUM BORHYDRIDE
四丁基氨硼氢化物
TetrabutylAmmoniumBorohydride98+%
TETRA-N-BUTYLAMMONIUM TETRAHYDRIDOBORATE
四正丁基四氢硼酸铵
TETRABUTYLAMMONIUM BOROHYDRIDE
TETRA-N-BUTYLAMMONIUM BOROHYDRIDE
Tetrabutylammonium Borohydride [Reducing Reagent]
Tetrabutylammoniumboranate
n,n,n-tributyl-1-butanaminiutetrahydroborate(1-)
n,n,n-tributyl-1-butanaminiu tetrahydroborate
四正丁基硼氢化铵 |
Reaxys-RN | 4212332 |
Chemical Name Translation | 四丁基硼氢化铵 |
InChIKey | GMBOFJFPOCGSOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
WGK Germany | 3 |
GHS Symbol
Precautionary statements | |
- P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. 戴防护手套/防护服/眼睛的保护物/面部保护物。
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Hazard statements | |
- H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage 导致严重的皮肤灼伤和眼睛损伤
- H261 In contact with water releases flammable gas 与水接触时释放可燃气体。
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Personal Protective Equipment |
Eyeshields, Faceshields, full-face particle respirator type N100 (US), Gloves, respirator cartridge type N100 (US), type P1 (EN143) respirator filter, type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges |
Signal word |
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Safety Statements | |
- S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible) 发生事故时或感觉不适时,立即求医(可能时出示标签);
- S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice 眼睛接触后,立即用大量水冲洗并征求医生意见;
- S36/37/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection 穿戴适当的防护服、手套和眼睛/面保护;
- S7/8 Keep container tightly closed and dry 保存在严格密闭容器中,保持干燥;
- S43 In case of fire use ... (indicate in the space the precise type of fire-fighting equipment. If water increases the risk add -?Never use water) 着火时使用(指明具体的消防器材种类,如果用水增加危险,注明“禁止用水”
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Packing Group | II |
UN Number |
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Risk Statements | |
- R15 Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases 遇水会释放出极端易燃的气体
- R34 Causes burns 会导致灼伤
- R36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin 对眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤有刺激性
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Storage condition |
Moisture Sensitive
易吸潮,密封保存
water-free area |
Hazard Codes |
F,C |
Hazard Class | 4.3/8 |
β-酮酰胺(β-ketoamides), β-酮酸酯(β-ketoesters)和碳水化合物衍生物的选择性还原剂.
{ALF} With reactive halides (e.g. MeI) in DCM, provides a convenient source of diborane: Tetrahedron Lett., 3173 (1972). Hydroboration of alkenes has also been effected by refluxing with the reagent in chloroform: Indian J. Chem., 37B, 1186 (1998).
{ALF} See also Benzyl­triethyl­ammonium borohydride, B24952.
{ALF} Organic-soluble borohydride. For references to reduction by borohydride, see Sodium borohydride, 35788. Changing the counter ion permits variation in reactivity and selectivity.
{ALF} Amides and nitriles are selectively reduced in dichloromethane: Heterocycles, 14, 1437, 1441 (1980); aryl ester, nitro or halo-substituents are unaffected. For the 1,4-reduction of enones, see: Tetrahedron, 37, 1171 (1981). Carboxylic acids can be reduced to alcohols by refluxing in DCM: Synth. Commun., 30, 941 (2000).
{ALF} Effective regent for cleavage of TMS ethers: Synth. Commun., 26, 1065 (1996).