脱烷基试剂-三溴化硼
三溴化硼作为一种强酸性路易斯酸可以用于脱烷基反应,反应机理如下图,首先甲基醚中氧原子的孤对电子进攻硼原子,溴离子离去,氧原子为正电性;然后溴离子进攻甲基碳正中心生成甲基溴;最后烷氧基二溴硼烷经过水解得到相应的羟基化合物。一般选择极性溶剂促进反应,例如乙二醇二甲醚和四氢呋喃。
图片来源网络
反应实例:
一般活性药物分子都具有手性中心,2021年报道的文献中尝试了HBr/AcOH, HCl/iPrOH, AlCl3脱甲基,会发生消旋或转化不完全;尝试利用蛋氨酸/甲基磺酸脱甲基需要长达3天的时间,并且长时间反应会导致产物消旋;最后利用三溴化硼可以完全脱甲基并顺便脱掉Boc,高效保护了化合物的手性。
图片来源:Org. Process Res. Dev. 2022, 26, 3, 710–729
三溴化硼在半导体中应用
在碳基集成电路制造领域,石墨烯基器件中采用原子层沉积方法生长氮化硼,作为高k栅氧介质。氮化硼基于六边形层状结构,具有优异的物理性质和极高的化学稳定性,六方晶型具有宽带隙(5.5 - 6.0 eV)适用于电子器件的介电层。三溴化硼是一种蒸气压较高的前驱体(25℃,70Torr),很容易于氨反应得到氮化硼。在原子层沉积过程中,三溴化硼与基底羟基发生反应,饱和吸附后进行吹扫,然后通入NH3反应,完成后再进行吹扫,往复循环得到氮化硼薄膜,研究表明当沉积温度为750℃时,可降低氮化硼薄膜对空气和水份的敏感性。(Thin Solid Films, 2022, 402, 167 - 171)
半导体器件制备工艺中,通常需要在硅衬底中掺杂P型或者N型杂质来形成PN结,扩散和离子注入是半导体掺杂的两种主要方式。在太阳能电池工业中,长采用扩散的方式向N型晶体掺杂P型杂质,而硼的价格低廉且扩散速度快,常作为掺杂体。行业内大多数都是利用液态三溴化硼作为前驱体,在硅衬底表面沉积三氧化二硼薄膜,然后加热硅衬底,使之与三氧化二硼发生反应(2B203+3Si=4B+3Si02),生成硼原子,硼原子作为扩散源在高温下向硅片内部扩散,形成PN结。(CN 104250725 A)
Chemical Name | Boron tribromide |
Synonym |
BORON TRIBROMIDE, REAGENTPLUS, >=99%
BORON TRIBROMIDE, 99.995%
晶碱石
boron (III) bromide
BORON TRIBROMIDE, REAGENTPLUS, 99.9%
Bortribromid
三溴化硼(0402禁空运)
boronbromide(bbr3)
三溴化硼,1M在二氯甲烷溶剂中
Boron tribromide
tribromoborane
三溴化硼
BORON TRIBROMIDE, 1.0M SOLUTION IN HEPTA NE
tribromo-boran
Boron bromide (BBr3)
BORON TRIBROMIDE SOLUTION, ~1 M IN DICHL OROMETHANE
Borane,tribromo-
Boron,tribromo-
trona
天然碱
BORON TRIBROMIDE
BBr3
三溴化硼 溶液
Borane, tribromo-
BORON TRIBROMIDE, 1.0M SOLUTION IN HEXAN ES
Tribromoboron
tribromuredebore
溴化硼
boron tribromide
三溴硼烷(爆炸,禁止销售)BORON TRIBROMIDE, 99.9%
三溴硼烷
丝光晶碱石
BORON TRIBROMIDE, 1.0M SOLUTION IN DICHL OROMETHANE
Boron tribromide Solution
BORON BROMIDE
Boron bromide
溴化硼;天然碱
三溴化硼, 99% MIN
碳酸钠石
tribromoboron
Tribromoborane
天然碱;碳酸钠石
BBr3 |
CAS Number | 10294-33-4 |
PubChem Substance ID | 125307031 |
EC Number | 233-657-9 |
MDL Number | MFCD00011312 |
Reaxys-RN | 3903058 |
Merck Number | 1347 |
Beilstein Registry Number | 2384789 |
Chemical Name Translation | 三溴化硼 |
LabNetwork Molecule ID | LN00163667 |
GHS Symbol
WGK Germany | 3 |
Hazard Codes |
T+
T+,C
T+;C
T+,C,F,N |
Hazard statements | |
- H290 May be corrosive to metals 可能腐蚀金属。
- H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage 导致严重的皮肤灼伤和眼睛损伤
- H330 Fatal if inhaled 吸入致命
- H300 Fatal if swallowed 吞食致命
- H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour 高度易燃液体和蒸气
- H300+H330
- H351 Suspected of causing cancer 怀疑致癌
|
Personal Protective Equipment |
Faceshields, full-face respirator (US), Gloves, Goggles, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US), type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter |
RTECS | ED7400000 |
Precautionary statements | |
- P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.? 只能在室外或通风良好的地方使用。
- P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. 避免吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾。
- P305+P351+P338
- P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. 戴防护手套/防护服/眼睛的保护物/面部保护物。
- P304+P340+P310
- P501 Dispose of contents/container to..… 处理内容物/容器.....
- P403+P233
- P305+P351+P338+P310
- P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. 立即呼救解毒中心或医生/医师。
- P264 Wash hands thoroughly after handling. 处理后要彻底洗净双手。
- P301+P330+P331+P310
- P303+P361+P353
- P284 Wear respiratory protection.? 佩戴呼吸保护装置。
- P201 Obtain special instructions before use. 使用前获取专门指示。
- P240 Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. 与地面接触/连接集装箱和接受设备。
- P370+P378
- P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. 使用本产品时不要吃东西,喝水或吸烟。
- P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. 不要吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾。
- P202 Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. 已阅读并理解所有的安全预防措施之前,切勿操作。
- P301+P310
- P233 Keep container tightly closed. ?保持容器密闭。
- P390 Absorb spillage to prevent material damage. 吸收溢出物,防止重大损害。
- P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. 远离热源/火花/明火/热的表面。——禁止吸烟。
- P273 Avoid release to the environment. 避免释放到环境中。
- P308+P311
|
Signal word |
|
Storage condition |
Moisture Sensitive
2-8℃易吸潮,密封充氩保存。
Poison room
充氩保存
易吸潮,密封充氩保存。
Moisture & Light Sensitive
0-10°C
避光,易吸潮,密封充氩保存。
0-10 |
UN Number |
3390
UN2692
3489
UN3390
UN3384 |
Risk Statements | |
- R35 Causes severe burns 会导致严重灼伤
- R14 Reacts violently with water 遇水会猛烈反应
- R26/28 Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed 吸入及吞食都有剧毒
- R11 Highly flammable 非常易燃
- R50/53
- R65 Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed 若吞咽可能伤害肺部器官
- R67 Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness 蒸汽可能导致嗜睡和昏厥
- R34 Causes burns 会导致灼伤
- R62 Possible risk of impaired fertility 有削弱生殖能力的危险
- R40 Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect 有限证据表明其致癌作用
|
Safety Statements | |
- S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice 眼睛接触后,立即用大量水冲洗并征求医生意见;
- S23 Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer) 不要吸入气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾;
- S57 Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination 使用适当容器避免环境污染;
- S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible) 发生事故时或感觉不适时,立即求医(可能时出示标签);
- S28 After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer) 皮肤接触后,立即用大量…(由生产厂家指定)冲洗;
- S36/37/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection 穿戴适当的防护服、手套和眼睛/面保护;
- S9 Keep container in a well-ventilated place 保持容器在通风良好的场所;
- S16 Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking 远离火源,禁止吸烟;
- S33 Take precautionary measures against static discharges 对静电采取预防措施;
- S62 If swallowed, do not induce vomiting: seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label where possible 吞食后不要催吐:立即求医并出示该容器或标签;
- S60 This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste 该物质及其容器必须作为危险废物处置;
- S61 Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet 避免释放到环境中,参考特别指示/安全收据说明书;
|
Packing Group | I |
Hazard Class | 6.1/3, 8 |
Warnings |
危化品目录(2015) |
Restrict |
危险品 |
⑴.易被水和醇等分解,受热会爆炸,对人体组织有强烈刺激作用,其蒸气剧毒,腐蚀性较强,具有强吸水性,见光、遇热易分解,接触空气冒白烟。为强路易式酸,能与碱反应形成络合物和加成物。
⑵.在干燥空气中不变化。溶于无机酸并剧烈起泡。天然碱产于不同的盐湖沉积物中,主要产于碱湖及古代沉积矿床中,常与针碳钠钙石、水碱、泡碱、石盐、芒硝、钙芒硝、无水芒硝和石膏共生。遇空气中的湿气很容易水解。
⑶.重要的工业原料,广泛用于玻璃、化工、轻工、纺织、漂染、冶金、石油加工、医药、食品等方面。
⑷.用作半导体的掺杂材料,有机
用作有机合成的催化剂、中间体和溴化剂,制造高纯硼及其它有机硼化合物的原料。
{ALF} Reagent for cleavage of ethers: Synthesis, 249 (1983). Converts alcohols to alkyl bromides under mild conditions: Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 1051 (1994). Cleavage of N-methoxymethyl: Tetrahedron Lett., 42, 8633 (2001), or N-benzyl: Tetrahedron Lett., 45, 4093 (2004) protecting groups can also be achieved under mild conditions. Alkynes undergo bromoboration; the products can be transformed, e.g. to trisubstituted alkenes: Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 1811 (1988), or enyne-allenes: Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 1829 (1994).
{uni_hamburg} Short: II/25A
{ALD} Merck:14,1347
{ALF} Reagent for cleavage of ethers. For a brief feature of uses of the reagent in organic synthesis, see: Synlett, 1636 (2005). See also preceding entry.
{ALF} Reagent for cleavage of ethers: Synthesis, 249 (1983). Converts alcohols to alkyl bromides under mild conditions: Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 1051 (1994). Cl